Critical Evaluation Of Contemporary Issues In Hospitality Management Tourism Essays

Critical Evaluation Of Contemporary Issues In Hospitality Management Tourism Essays Critical Evaluation Of Contemporary Issues In Hospitality Management Tourism Essay Critical Evaluation Of Contemporary Issues In Hospitality Management Tourism Essay Hospitality is a dynamic industry that is of all time altering as a consequence of several external factors. The industry has become more competitory than of all time before. Some companies frequently fail while others are really successful. Tanke ( 2001 ) argues that successful houses get, manage, and develop resources that provide competitory advantage. They besides control and build up relationships with a big figure of organisations, assorted stakeholders, and groups. Globalization has intensified the fight and for houses to stay competitory they have to spread out their relationship webs and collaborate with each other to stay competitory. Many houses are get downing to supervise and pull off cardinal indexs to cut on cost and salvage money. Harmonizing to Ottenbacher and Gnoth ( 2005 ) There are several modern-day issues in the cordial reception industry which include, human resource direction, strategic direction, usage of ICT and gastronomy and touristry. Much of alterations in issues have been brought about by globalisation. For illustration in the instance of human resource, globalisation has brought diverseness in the human resources. Information communicating engineering has advanced much in development. The high figure of people going to foreign lands has brought alterations in the gastronomy and touristry. Hospitality concerns must therefore manage all these issues to win in their operations. Tanke, ( 2001 ) argues that cordial reception concerns will necessitate to concentrate more on trade name, human resource, emerging markets and information communicating engineering. These are the primary determiners of the victors and also-rans in old ages to come. Strategic direction is therefore of import in finding the success of these houses. Strategic direction has been hailed to supply higher degrees of satisfaction than other direction tools. Literature Review HRM Issues In the Hotel Industry Globally The importance of valuable human resource direction to concern success in any usage of human resources can give an organisation a competitory advantage. The importance of human resources is peculiarly important in cordial reception industry. Duncan ( 2005 ) suggested that there are several chief countries of challenge and concern in the planetary cordial reception industry, associating to employment issues, revenue enhancement degrees and environmental issues. Employee turnover Harmonizing to Hinkin and Tracey ( 2000 ) employee turnover has become one of the challenges in the cordial reception industry. The industry globally suffers from high degree of staff turnover, which result to intangible costs and high direct outgo. Riegel ( 2002 ) argues that turnover is a consequence of several factors such as occupation dissatisfaction, hapless working environment, hapless supervising and deficiency of committedness that influence employee attitude and behaviour. Iverson and Deery ( 1997 ) carried out a research on the labour demands of the cordial reception industry and established that the high turnover rate is one the most hard issues in human resource direction in that context. They reported that the turnover job in big hotels was much worse than in little hotels. Many hotels are be aftering to increase the figure of people employed merely to cover the turnover state of affairs. Hoque ( 1999 ) contends that service quality focuses on the nature of the interaction between the single employee and the client at the point of service, in footings of niceness and overall professionalism. Hoque besides argues that service quality is the chief factor in making competitory advantage in the hotel industry, and that any hotel that does non do an attempt to better continually its service quality will lose land. Competitive advantage generated from internal beginnings includes such features as value rarity, exceptionality, and non-substitutability ( Iverson, A ; Deery 1997 ) , and the employee at the terminal of the service bringing system may good be the lone differentiated and alone plus of a hotel organisation that can non be easy copied. Hinkin and Tracey ( 2000 ) have besides recommended that there are in fact merely two ways to vie in and distinguish between cordial reception services. One is by viing on monetary value and minimizing costs, which locks a hotel into a peculiar market section. The other is to vie by supplying exceeding service. They note that client attention is non a new construct in the service industry, but it is still a complex thing to command and prolong. In the face of the high degree of turnover in the hotel industry, it is possible that some clients are served by employees who are reasonably untrained, less committed, and less capable in their societal accomplishments. But covering with this requires the usage of rather organized attacks to serve quality direction. Huang ( 2001 ) suggested that if an organisation s first and first aim is to supply a service, a holistic attack to serve choice direction must be developed and employed, insightful at all degrees of the organisation from the main executive to the entry degree employees. Training and development Garavan ( 1997 ) argues that preparation and development of employees is linked to service quality because its activities can be used to beef up attitudes and behaviours that lead to effectual service. Several research workers have suggested that developing a service civilization during preparation and development and cognition edifice are good patterns. Employees developing and development of accomplishments help houses to heighten quality of service, addition productiveness, and cut down costs. Elsewhere, Davies, Taylor and Savery ( 2001 ) investigated certain human resource direction maps in bettering employees dealingss in western Australian adjustment industry and found out that sustained preparation and development led to an of import betterment in productiveness, with a decreased turnover of employees. Huang ( 2001 ) argued that in Taiwan preparation and development was the chief important driver for economic development. Staff enlisting and choice Alleyne, Doherty and Greenidge ( 2006 ) contend the due to the nature of the cordial reception industry ; labour demand is much unpredictable and capable to seasonal fluctuation. As a consequence the cordial reception industry has had negative image among prospective employees. Elsewhere Debrah and Budhwar ( 2004 ) argue that alterations in the macro environment for illustration ageing work force, lower birth rates have besides contributed to employees deficit rising the instability between the employee demand and supply. This has made employee resourcing a great job and high spots that effectual direction of demand and supply of best employee is a great job in the cordial reception industry ( Tanke, 2001 ) . Global fight in the cordial reception industry Successful cordial reception houses finally find that their domestic markets are either saturated or that foreign markets offer chances for growing and net incomes which are non available domestically. Several forces are taking concerns into the planetary sphere. These include trade barriers falling particularly in Europe and North America, freshly industrialised states, displacement towards market economic systems, handiness of fiscal capital ; criterions are going unvarying globally and advancement in information engineering ( Tanke, 2001 ) . Organizations that want to stay competitory must therefore get province of the art resources at a lower monetary value, for illustration they may see spread outing to emerging states where labour is inexpensive. The strategic direction reverberations of increasing globalisation are utmost. Directors can non afford to overlook chances in foreign markets. Nonetheless, concern methods and imposts vary from state to state. These disparities make stakeholder analysis and direction even more of import. Analysis of broad environmental forces such as society, engineering, and political influences ought to besides be extended to the different parts in which an organisation carries out concern. Peoples besides vary greatly from part to part. The challenge of an of all time increasing competitory planetary market place can be tackled through a well-devised strategic direction procedure. Nevertheless, tactical planning must non ever lead to the sorts of alterations that are indispensable to remain aggressive over the long term. Technology Although there has been an increasing consciousness of the value of province of the art integrated systems many cordial reception houses still do non take advantage of them. There unequal apprehension of how much competency could be improved via usage of these systems. Tanke, ( 2001 ) argues that cordial reception disposal systems have over the old ages developed into complex, good incorporated tools which help houses to do more gross, pull more invitees, and better effectivity. However, some concern still hang on systems that have are much in front of their competitory utile life. This limits them from holding the benefits that are brought about by these systems. Though several houses are scared of upgrading their systems because they fear that their employees will non be in a place to manage these systems, there is demand for developing the employees how to utilize these systems ( Tanke, 2001 ) . Alleyne, Doherty and Greenidge ( 2006 ) contend that as systems become more inclusive their support and security direction become necessary and complex. However it must be noted that it is about impossible for organisations to hold their ain proficient support staff skilled in all the system they use. Guest study has become an purpose for stealers and onslaughts on computing machines are going more complex. These tendencies call for a displacement towards more professional system direction ; this may be a corporate squad or an understanding party. Elsewhere Debrah and Budhwar ( 2004 ) argue that innermost gross direction squads, for illustration, can supply specializer aid to legion belongingss in a regionally incorporate manner. Centrally-hosted systems permit highly-skilled technicians to offer a far more protected and managed systems environment than would be accessible to an single house. This tendency is expected to protract as understanding grows of the value of keeping systems runing at peak proficiency, and of the possible injury from security misdemeanors. Methodology Harmonizing to Hoque, ( 1999 ) two indispensable inquiries were put to a sample of hotels: What are the cardinal human resource direction issues and concerns in the cordial reception industry of Taiwan? And what are the chief human resource direction functions and patterns used to prosecute with them? Rather than default to a individual issue attack to the interviewees, the interviewer tried to analyze human resource direction in the cordial reception industry in an wholly open-ended manner. The respondents were free to raise any human resource direction issues, concerns, maps and patterns that they thought to be important. This method allowed the research worker to detect what came up in order of precedence for the respondents, or what failed to come up at all ( Hoque, 1999 ) The method used was qualitative and the chief technique was in-depth interviews. Leading inquiries were avoided by the research worker on order to derive a deeper apprehension of some phenomena as experienced by a group of people ( Creswell, 2003 ) . It was non possible to analyze all the hotels in Taiwan because of fiscal and clip restraints. The research worker selected the concatenation hotels which he expected to hold formalized human resource direction patterns than smaller hotels. The research worker farther segmented the hotels harmonizing to figure of suites, geographic location, and trade name. The research worker interviewed senior directors but in some instances some hotels that were approached refused to be interviewed reasoning that they would see questionnaires because of their tight agendas. Although there are few unequivocal regulations for sample size in qualitative question ( Patton, 2002 ) , it has been suggested that 12-20 illustrations are needed when seeking to obtain the broadest scope of information and positions on the topic of survey ( Kuzel, 1992 ) . At the clip this research was conducted, there were 46 concatenation hotel belongingss in Taiwan and the sample selected totaled 14 hotels, which represents 30.43 % of the entire population of such hotels. Analysis The findings were presented together because some issues were common to all the respondents and had cause and consequence relationship. Fourteen take parting hotels identified several chief issues viz. deficit of employees 100 % of the respondents, 64 % of the respondents talked of challenges in attack to preparation and development. While 50 % of the respondents emphasized on the high degree of employee turnover. Deficit of employees Participants pointed out that the overall instruction degree in Taiwan has risen in the last decennary. This has caused a job to the cordial reception houses in enrolling entry degree employees. The increased growing of the cordial reception industry has made the deficit even worse. Respondents nevertheless, believe that at in-between degree the instance is different there is o deficit at this degree. However those who hold these places are non qualified but merely make full these places because a vacancy has to be filled. Shortcoming in Approaches to preparation and development Most of the employees have no cordial reception background this calls for a sophisticated preparation and development attacks. Nevertheless, some hotelkeepers believe that that is non a major job because they believe that accomplishments can be gained on occupation preparation. High degree of employee turnover Participants pointed out that this was ineluctable because of the nature of the cordial reception industry. In certain instances the turnover might be positive to the industry as it may take de-motivated staff. Respondents besides pointed out that older employees led to miss of invention, extract of fresh thoughts and creative activity in the house. Discussion From the in deepness interviews it can be argued that challenges in preparation and development, unequal employees and jobs in internship employment can be attributed to client service quality discussed in the literature. Kuzel, ( 1992 ) argues that using housemans is a solution to the deficits in the cordial reception sector. Interns provide stable employment particularly at the entry degree. Some hotels merely view housemans as supportive force as opposed to long term investings. It is recommended that cordial reception directors should make a sense of belonging to the housemans so that they could come back and work in these constitutions. Most participants in this survey appeared to accept Hoque s ( 1999 ) position that the high degree of turnover is a fact of life and a regular and acceptable phenomenon in the cordial reception industry ( Iverson A ; Deery, 1997 ) . In the fact, turnover still can be improved by better direction, every bit long as human resource directors can see it as an chance, non merely an ineluctable job. Some research workers have recommended that specific human resource direction patterns can better employee satisfaction which in bends minimizes the turnover rate. Authorization is one of the efficient attacks suggested by many research workers ( Enz A ; Siguaw, 2000a, 2000b ; Lashley, 1999 ) . They recommended that it is important to give power to the employees who provide services by concentrating on clients demands. Service brushs are the cardinal activity in a client service concern and employees may meet a batch of diverse alone state of affairss which can non be covered by the organisational policies and actions ( Iverson A ; Deery 1997 ) . If organisations are able to give power to their employees, so they are able to exert prudence in presenting client service and make whatever is required to fulfill clients demands ( Enz A ; Siguaw, 2000a ; Lashley, 1999 ) . It has been disputed that empowered employees besides have a leaning to hold a strong sense of control and person al worth because they can take liability for the service brush and have the power to consequence client satisfaction ( Lashley, 1999 ) . At another degree, it has been recommended that sceptered employees are motivated by making meaningful work that finally enhances their occupation satisfaction and reduces the turnover rate s Harmonizing to Lashley, ( 1999 ) as a consequence of planetary economic alterations at that place has been increased competition and uncertainness, the houses have to be flexible in employee resourcing and reacting to clients. The human resource directors must utilize methods that give them flexibleness to use employees to react to fluctuations. This type of employment helps the organisation to cut on direct labour cost and besides provide flexibleness for employees and employers. One of the possible negative feature is that despatching workers have a limited relationship with hotels in which they will work resulting in low trust and low committedness. These might, in bend, lead to disagreement between direct-hire and despatching workers, and between direction and employees ( Kalleberg, 2000 ) . Another likeliness is that it is more expensive to pull off the outsourcing activity than ab initio expected, so that the end of cost economy is non achieved ( Albertson, 2000 ) . The inclination towards flexible working has become inevitable in such a fluctuating environment ( Purcell A ; Purcell, 1998 ) , and dispatching is one of the agreements which are prone to be a lasting moral force of the hotel industry in the hereafter. While going more popular in Taiwan, but there is no regulation of the procedure at the clip of composing. It has been argued that it is indispensable to modulate dispatching employment, because of the complex triangular employment relationship between despatching company, dispatched worker, and the house to which they have been dispatched ( Kalleberg, 2000 ; Purcell A ; Purcell, 1998 ) . Decision This survey set out to happen out the modern-day issues in the cordial reception industry. Due to its nature the cordial reception industry and globalisation consequence the industry has several modern-day issues. These modern-day issues have a direct impact on the cordial reception industry and for that ground they must be strategically managed for these concerns to win. This survey nevertheless lays accent on the modern-day issues in human resource direction. The findings of this survey suggest that many of the take parting hotels thought and mentality are at the operational degree, instead than the strategic degree. Even though a good figure were able to place peculiar human resource direction issues as critical, it seems that many do non hold strategic attacks to cover with these challenges. Equally, although most perceived specific human resource direction maps and patterns as being really of import, some of these are non utilized in a complicated manner. Some of those interviewed had fresh ideas and originative thoughts but had a limited voice or engagement in decision-making. It seems that their function is seen as being to travel behind the policy that has been already set by top direction, instead than being an active voice or caput in the organisation s thought. It was really unusual for respondents in this survey to hold a place at board degree or to play a cardinal function in making and back uping competitory advantages for the concern. The interviewer concluded that human resource direction is non normally seen as a beginning of competitory advantage, and many look frontward to keep fight chiefly through new installations and comfortss. However, Ottenbacher and Gnoth ( 2005 ) have argued that the efficiency of a hotel s attack to human resource direction is merely every bit important as a beginning of sustainable advantage. This survey has stressed that the extremely competitory nature of the industry affects both clients and staff. In peculiar, gifted people are much preferred in a labour-intensive client service industry. This research has expectantly provided some practical and strategic suggestions for hotelkeepers to traverse the spread between the operational degree and the strategic degree of thought and pattern. However, it is concluded that hotel proprietors need to be cognizant that human resource direction must be managed good in order to maintain up with alterations in the planetary environment. The human resource direction map is no longer one of traditional forces disposal ; alternatively, it must be strategic and proactive in covering with complicated human resource direction issues.

Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Development Of Sri Lanka Tourism Tourism Essay Paper 1. Sri Lanka is an island state and God has given to Sri Lanka approvals of nature blue seas, green hills, flaxen beaches, abundant wildlife, cascading waterfalls, a public violence of flowers and fruits, coconut Grovess, tea estates, spice gardens. Here 1s twenty-four hours can be gloriously lazy by a palm cool laguna or full of joy, swimming, snorkel diving, and fishing or sailing like a superb gem in the sparkling Waterss of the Indian Ocean. Sri Lanka is located in a strategically considered naval topographic point on the universe map. This important state of affairs creates a way for a major sea path. In add-on it creates a strategic naval nexus between West Asia, Africa and East Asia. Sri Lanka entered the international touristry sphere in the sixtiess. Since so, authorities engagement has been the cardinal factor in touristry development in Sri Lanka. The Ceylon Tourist Board ( CTB ) was established in 1966 in order to supply way and leading to this assuring sector of the deve loping economic system. The state is celebrated for healthy and cultural heritage. Hospitality, tropical woods, natural and absorbing beaches, archaeological sites and the tropical clime are the more attractive characteristics. These factors make Sri Lanka a fantastic tourer finish. Over the old ages touristry in Sri Lanka has developed significantly. Today touristry has become the 6th Foreign Exchange Earner ( FEE ) in Sri Lankan economic system. 2. Tourism can do a great impact on development of the Sri Lankan economic system. Tourism is a fast growth industry which has been identified soon. Employment chances and regional development are playing important function with respect to the touristry industry development. It can be considered as the most of import industry in the state as a whole. The authorities s vision is to do the touristry sector as Sri Lanka s most advanced and profitable income bring forthing beginning. 3. During past three decennaries Sri Lanka s touristry industry had few draw dorsums. This was chiefly due to the security state of affairs which prevailed in the state. Further the touristry industry was besides affected due to the Tsunami calamity which occurred in 2004. Approximately 2/3rd of the coastal country including tourer substructure installations was destroyed. The immediate station war period gave rise to a dramatic addition of tourer reaching from terminal May 2009. 4. In order to back up the attempts and to develop the touristry sector in Sri Lanka there should be hotels with sole installations which are in par with the international criterions to suit a big figure of visitants. In the twelvemonth 2010 about one million tourers visited Sri Lanka. Unlike in the yesteryear, the influx of tourers is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours as a consequence of the terminal of the 30 twelvemonth civil war which destroys the whole state. Following graph indicates how touristry increased from 1966 to 2011 in Sri Lanka. The authorities is expected to have 2.5 million tourers in 2016. To provide for this addition tourer hotels in Sri Lanka must be developed. Similarly other installations should besides be increased to run into the coveted economic ends. Purpose 5. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development of Sri Lanka touristry -challenges and chances GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE OF SRI LANKA 6. Sir Lanka has a assorted terrain but it chiefly consists of level lands but south-central part of the state s measure sided river, canons interior characteristics and mountain. The flatter parts are the countries where most of Sri Lanka s agribusiness takes topographic point, aside from coconut farms along the seashore. Sri LankasA clime A is tropical and the southwesterly portion of the island is the wettest. . The northeasterly portion of Sri Lanka is drier and most of its rain falls from December to February. Most of the rain in the sou-west falls from April to June and October to November Sri Lanka s mean annual temperature is about 86AÂ °F to 91AÂ °F. An of import geographic note about Sri Lanka is its place in the Indian Ocean, which made it vulnerable to one of theA universe s largest natural catastrophes. On December, 26, 2004, it was struck by largeA tsunamiA that hit 12 Asiatic states. Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this incident and much of Sri L anka s seashore was destroyed. 7. Sri Lanka is situated in strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. It has a entire country of 65,610A kmA? , with 64,740A kmA? of land and 870A kmA? of H2O. Its coastline is 1,340A kilometer long. Sri Lanka s clime includes tropical monsoons: the southwest monsoon ( June to October ) and the nor-east monsoon ( December to March ) , its terrain is largely low, level to rippling field, with mountains in the south-central inside. The highest point isA PidurutalagalaA at 2,524.13 m.A Resource includeA limestone, A mineral littorals, A treasures, black lead, A phosphates, clay, andA hydropower. 8. Adam s Bridge, a land connexion to the Indian mainland, is now largely submerged with merely a concatenation ofA limestoneA shoals staying above sea degree. Harmonizing to temple records, this naturalA causewayA was antecedently complete, but was breached by a violent storm ( likely aA cyclone ) in 1480. SRI LANKA S COMMITMENT TO TOURISM 9. Tourism is a critical country in the policy construction has been identified as capable of expeditiously driving the state s socio economic development. The programme s vision for the touristry sector is to do Sri Lanka foremost freedom finish in the South Asiatic Region. The programme believes the human resources and natural and cultural gifts values and state will be indispensable in transforming Sri Lanka into a Centre of excellence and offer tourists the highest values of existent experiences in its alone scene. 10 The One Stop Unit Unit of measurement for National Investment in Tourism is a Centralized publicity and facilitation centre Established Thurs assist possible touristry investors interested in puting in Sri Lanka Tourism Industry. Specialist staff from assorted authorities bureaus helps investors Identify possible undertakings, Obtain information possible, Sing Investings, submit applications, and Provide support in obtaining investing publicity privileges, trade licences and other blessings Requested for undertaking clearance. OSU Prevents the demand for investors Thurs spend clip in hunt of replies and ensures all questions are handled by its specialist staff. 11. Serious civil perturbations get downing in July 1983 and the subsequent force severely affected touristry. Entire reachings were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 per centum from 1982. To ease the quandary of the industry, the authorities provided assorted grants to hotels, such as the rescheduling of loans and the decrease of the turnover revenue enhancement from 10 per centum to 5 per centum. The Ceylon Tourist Board besides undertook a crash publicity plan in an effort to reconstruct the island s image in universe tourer markets. Tourist reachings in the first six months of 1987, nevertheless, showed a diminution of 23 per centum compared with the same period the old twelvemonth. In early 1988, the mentality was for farther contraction. 12. In 1988 it remained ill-defined whether the policies of economic liberalisation Sri Lanka has pursued since 1977 would win in their chief ends of employment, wealth creative activity, and economic variegation. Although increased rice production, the growing of fabric fabrication, and an improved substructure were successes that could be attributed to the post-1977 policies, these additions came at the cost of a mounting foreign and domestic debt and worsening life criterions for the hapless. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS TOURISM 13. The One Stop Unit Unit of measurement for National Investment in Tourism is a Centralized publicity and facilitation centre Established Thurs assist possible touristry investors interested in puting in Sri Lanka Tourism Industry. Specialist staff from assorted authorities bureaus helps investors Identify possible undertakings, Obtain information possible, Sing Investings, submit applications, and Provide support in obtaining investing publicity privileges, trade licences and other blessings Requested for undertaking clearance. OSU Prevents the demand for investors Thurs spend clip in hunt of replies and ensures all questions are handled by its specialist staff. 14. Serious civil perturbations get downing in July 1983 and the subsequent force severely affected touristry. Entire reachings were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 per centum from 1982. To ease the quandary of the industry, the authorities provided assorted grants to hotels, such as the rescheduling of loans and the decrease of the turnover revenue enhancement from 10 per centum to 5 per centum. The Ceylon Tourist Board besides undertook a crash publicity plan in an effort to reconstruct the island s image in universe tourer markets. Tourist reachings in the first six months of 1987, nevertheless, showed a diminution of 23 per centum compared with the same period the old twelvemonth. In early 1988, the mentality was for farther contraction. 15. In 1988 it remained ill-defined whether the policies of economic liberalisation Sri Lanka has pursued since 1977 would win in their chief ends of employment, wealth creative activity, and economic variegation. Although increased rice production, the growing of fabric fabrication, and an improved substructure were successes that could be attributed to the post-1977 policies, these additions came at the cost of a mounting foreign and domestic debt and worsening life criterions for the hapless. PROMOTION OF TOURISM INVESTMENT 16. The Board of Investment has introduced inducements in the signifier of revenue enhancement freedoms, duty-free imports and the relaxation of controls on foreign exchange retentions. The inducements provided by the authorities have chiefly attracted investing in the hotel sector. The present hotel capacity is 13,670 suites. That figure is projected to increase to 21,000 suites by 2004, which will suit the mark of 1 million tourers. Five regional domestic airdromes to be restructured at a entire cost of approx. Rs. 2bn: Rathmalana, Koggala, Ampara, Trincomalee A ; Jaffna ( Rathmalana will be developed as a City Airport ) Previous twelvemonth. This denotes that touristry industry is one of the nucleus beginnings of foreign exchange earner in economic system of Sri Lanka. Due to the development of touristry improved handiness via new main roads and transition of military to domestic airdromes may do high-end hotels in the Deep South and the East of Sri Lanka feasible options to th e Galle country. OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY 17. Tourism straight affected to economic system of a state. The impulse of growing in touristry, as consequence of the station struggle peaceful environment, the tourer reachings grew to 654,476 in 2010 exceling the old record of 566,202 in 2004. Tourist nights one of an of import index in mensurating the volume of tourer traffic, has recorded 6, 544, 760 in 2010. It shows 60.6 per cent addition compared to 2009. Entire grosss in 2010 amounted to US $ 575.9 million as against US $ 349.3 million recorded for the twelvemonth 2009. It indicates a huge addition of 64.9 per cent than Menace FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY 18. Development of tourer hotels in Sri Lanka will highly back up the rapid economic development. Developments of tourer hotels, addition room capacities, addition tenancy rates and develop the status of suites and upgrade the service provided in the hotels are the cardinal factors to be chiefly focused on if to develop touristry. It so contributes to the development of touristry and in bend development of economic system of the state. Tourist hotel industry should be developed in most of the celebrated metropolis for touristry with sufficient sum of tourer hotels 19. As political hazard introduces extra elements of uncertainness into the regulations regulating touristry investing undertakings, the hazard of capital loss is raised for longer- term undertakings. Political hazard besides negatively influences the timing and pricing of the touristry production procedure. Negative images, deficiency of foreign exchange for touristry development, deficiency of skilled work force, weak institutional models for touristry planning, political instability caused by communal force, civil war struggles are inhibitors to tourism development. However, small is known about how international touristry houses perceive political hazards and other general barriers and menaces to tourism publicity in Sri Lanka. 20. Common political factors which affect the touristry industry are revolution, civil war, factional struggle, cultural force, spiritual convulsion, widespread public violences, terrorist act, countrywide work stoppages, protests, cross- national guerilla warfare, universe public sentiment, repatriation limitations, bureaucratic political relations, leading battle, high rising prices, boundary line struggles, high external debt service ratio and crawling nationalisation. Last 30 old ages Sri Lanka besides faced the civil war and it affected the touristry industry of Sri Lanka. Forming elections often besides create menace to the touristry industry because during the election period in some topographic points to command the state of affairs mongrel hews are implemented. 21. This will make negative image in the head of tourers. Some of the foreign states have reject Sri Lanka s merchandises in their state due to the misdemeanor of human rights during the war clip. For illustration authorities invested and spent on IIFA programme but it was non a successful event for Sri Lanka because the large stars have boycotted the event. They did nt see Sri Lanka because of the protests held in their state by inquiring them non to see the topographic point. Presently Sri Lanka is holding negative relationship with some foreign states therefore the export and import of Sri Lankan merchandises will be decreased and it affects the touristry industry every bit good. FUTURE TRENDS, CHALLENGES 22. Beginning markets in Asia and Middle East to drive demand: Sri Lanka s propinquity to beginning markets such as India and its connectivity to the Middle East and China will assist in prolonging touristry growing. The rise in per capita income and hence consumer disbursement in these beginning markets will help the growing in touristry. 23. Infrastructure growing to fuel touristry growing: To guarantee rapid growing of touristry in the hereafter, touristry undertakings will necessitate to be balance with substructure development. We expect that with betterments in route substructure and development of the new airdrome in Hambantota, assorted new finishs will emerge in the state, particularly to the North and the E, as these countries have abundant natural beauty to pull tourers but presently suffer from hapless connectivity. We expect more air hoses to run in the state as the 2nd airdrome develops. 24. Greater competition will ease growing: We besides expect greater competition with the debut of new hotels in popular finishs such as Colombo, Kandy, Bentota, and Sigiriya, and Galle. We expect the bing hotels to set about phased redevelopments to efficaciously vie with the approaching hotels. Besides, with the addition in income from hotels over the past few old ages, we expect an addition in the figure of cordial reception related minutess and amalgamations and acquisitions. 25. Challenge of abrasion to other finishs: Presently, the hotel industry informant s important employee abrasion to states in the Middle East and to the Maldives and India. However, with a more stable political environment and betterment in quality of life in Sri Lanka, we expect the abrasion to bit by bit 26. Deficit of skilled labour: As new participants enter the market, the jutting growing in touristry will be accompanied by deficit of skilled labor. We anticipate the demand for relive cordial reception instruction establishments as the part of the touristry sector to the overall economic system additions. Summary 27. Sri Lanka is located in a strategically considered naval topographic point on the universe map. Sri Lanka entered the international touristry sphere in the sixtiess. Since so, authorities engagement has been the cardinal factor in touristry development in Sri Lanka. Over the old ages touristry in Sri Lanka has developed significantly. Today touristry has become the 6th Foreign Exchange Earner ( FEE ) in Sri Lankan economy.Tourism can do a great impact on development of the Sri Lankan economic system. Employment chances and regional development are playing important function with respect to the touristry industry development. The authorities s vision is to do the touristry sector as Sri Lanka s most advanced and profitable income bring forthing beginning. 28. During past three decennaries Sri Lanka s touristry industry had few draw dorsums. In the twelvemonth 2010 about one million tourers visited Sri Lanka. Following graph indicates how touristry increased from 1966 to 2011 in Sri Lanka. To provide for this addition tourer hotels in Sri Lanka must be developed. Sri LankasA climateA is tropical and the southwesterly portion of the island is the wettest. . Around 38,000 people in Sri Lanka were killed during this incident and much of Sri Lanka s seashore was destroyed. 29. Entire reachings were 230,106 in 1986, down 43 per centum from 1982. The Ceylon Tourist Board besides undertook a crash publicity plan in an effort to reconstruct the island s image in universe tourer markets. This denotes that touristry industry is one of the nucleus beginnings of foreign exchange earner in economic system of Sri Lanka. Tourism straight affected to economic system of a state. Development of tourer hotels in Sri Lanka will highly back up the rapid economic development. Developments of tourer hotels, addition room capacities, addition tenancy rates and develop the status of suites and upgrade the service provided in the hotels are the cardinal factors to be chiefly focused on if to develop touristry. Tourist hotel industry should be developed in most of the celebrated metropolis for touristry with sufficient sum of tourer hotels 30. Negative images, deficiency of foreign exchange for touristry development, deficiency of skilled work force, weak institutional models for touristry planning, political instability caused by communal force, civil war struggles are inhibitors to tourism development. However, small is known about how international touristry houses perceive political hazards and other general barriers and menaces to tourism publicity in Sri Lanka. 31. Last 30 old ages Sri Lanka besides faced the civil war and it affected the touristry industry of state. Some of the foreign states have reject Sri Lanka s merchandises in their state due to the misdemeanor of human rights during the war clip. Presently Sri Lanka is holding negative relationship with some foreign states therefore the export and import of Sri Lankan merchandises will be decreased and it affects the touristry industry every bit good. 32. Sri Lanka s propinquity to beginning markets such as India and its connectivity to the Middle East and China will assist in prolonging touristry growing. To guarantee rapid growing of touristry in the hereafter, touristry undertakings will necessitate to be balance with substructure development. We expect the bing hotels to set about phased redevelopments to efficaciously vie with the approaching hotels. We besides expect the hotel companies, particularly the domestic companies located in the state to set about long and average term cordial reception preparation plans and on a regular basis undertake competition benchmarking for compensation to retain the endowment. RECCOMONDATIONS 33. These are the recommendations which we can bring forth in related to touristry. Develop a selling scheme: Stressing the creative activity and sustaining of a positive image of Sri Lanka as a substantial and well-established tourer finish offering installations experiences that are distinguishable Sri Lankan merchandises. Establish a domestic touristry scheme: To spread out the bing merchandise base and promote a greater degree of vacation motions in add-on to pilgrim motions. Develop goods and services: To run into the increasing demands of the touristry industry, and therefore optimise the economic benefit of touristry development to Sri Lanka. Modify the organisation of touristry activities: In order to convey approximately related betterments in the private sector, increase coordination between touristry and interconnected sectors, and present streamlining to ease the development of the touristry sector. Stress the environmental, societal and cultural facets: Tourism Development Planning is the lone manner to work out many issues related to touristry in development. Therefore the touristry be aftering procedure should be designed to bring forth ends and aims for the finish country related to touristry development. The touristry development program provides overall guidelines for development and identifies development chances. Many development states are involved in touristry planning. Fiscal Aid: Fiscal aid for hotel proprietors and any other profession in tourer sector would assist to make more employment chances. Domestic Airport: Airport besides more than 100 kilometers off from the tourer finish it is needed have domestic airdromes. Surfboarding Training: This will make more employment chances and bring forth good income. Among the tourers there are some people they love for surfing and lament to larn. Conduct Language Teaching: Language barrier should be overcome by carry oning specially occupation orientated linguistic communication preparation. Employ Combat Divers: Surfing is hazardous and adventure athletics it do nt take much clip for some to go on hence as precautional step it is needed some combat frogmans near to the surfing country it would heighten the assurance of people who do surfing. Proper Taxi Service: Taxi service should be reformed presenting good vehicles fixed with metre system and giving preparation for drivers. Improve Infrastructure Facilities: Infrastructure installations such as Power, Highways, Railways, Airports, Ports, Water Supply, Telecommunications, Accommodations, and Recreational, Shopping and Banking to be improved. Awareness Plans: Tourists should be informed on specific societal, cultural and spiritual environment programmed. GAD ALWIS SLE Maj STUDENT OFFICER -DSCSC

The Beginning Of Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Beginning Of Civilization - Essay Example Native- Americans were not civilized before colonization by Europeans. As written by Vitalis, that Dodge played a vast role in separating Indians and whites. Dodge was part of the Indian Commissioners Board that ensured that Native Americans were evacuated from the lands. This was seen as a way of clearing the path for expansion towards the west as well as forcing the Indians to adopt a settled lifestyle. This, according to Vitalis, would lead to an eventual civilization of the Indians. Missionaries would introduce industrial arts, as well as the rudiments of writing and reading to enhance civilization. (Vitalis, 2007 pp38, 39)The Europeans also argued that the Native Americans did not have proper housing and that they had ‘heathen’ rituals. Other areas from which the Europeans came up with their conclusion was the Native Americans’ military tactics, governance, economies, and families. The English, by the 18th century, had specifically a way of ranking human soci eties in terms of their cultural complexity. They had the tendency of defining cultural complexity on the basis of economic terms.Native- Americans were not civilized before colonization by Europeans. As written by Vitalis, that Dodge played a vast role in separating Indians and whites. Dodge was part of the Indian Commissioners Board that ensured that Native Americans were evacuated from the lands. This was seen as a way of clearing the path for expansion towards the west as well as forcing the Indians to adopt a settled lifestyle. This, according to Vitalis, would lead to an eventual civilization of the Indians. Missionaries would introduce industrial arts, as well as the rudiments of writing and reading to enhance civilization. (Vitalis, 2007 pp38, 39)The Europeans also argued that the Native Americans did not have proper housing and that they had ‘heathen’ rituals. Other areas from which the Europeans came up with their conclusion was the Native Americans’ mi litary tactics, governance, economies, and families. The English, by the 18th century, had specifically a way of ranking human societies in terms of their cultural complexity. They had the tendency of defining cultural complexity on the basis of economic terms. The English concluded that hunting, as well as gathering, was the least complex basis of economies for societies. The herding of livestock, farming and lastly, the mixed economies of manufacturing, commerce, and agriculture followed suit. By this, they meant that the mixed economies characterized by commerce and agriculture were the most economically complex societies. Therefore, this portrayed cultural complexity too. Thus, the people who were ‘uncivilized’ and ‘heathen’ did not have an absolute title to the land they occupied. (Perdue and Green, 2007 p12)Â   Therefore, while forming the most comprehensive conclusion, according to these views by authors, thus, the Native Americans were not civilize d. Thus, it was the European colonization that changed them into a civilized society.

Establish the purpose and usefulness of a professional portfolio Assignment

Establish the purpose and usefulness of a professional portfolio. Establish the components of your professional portfolio - Assignment Example The most challenging steps in the four-step job process are the preparation and planning stages (Ferrett, 2002). These are considered challenging because it requires discerning one’s professional goals and a determination of genuine interests in a wide range of employment opportunities. Likewise, one’s strengths and even weaknesses have to be accurately assessed, acknowledged and addressed prior to confirming application in intended fields of endeavor. On the other hand, under the planning stage, it would initially be difficult to create one’s schedule of activities and incorporate them in current and future plans. As emphasized, the implementation of this step requires commitment and determination; especially in creating schedules of interviews, following up applications, returning and responding to call or correspondences, as required. Villanova University. (n.d.). The Professional Portfolio: A Guide for Preparing the Final Product. Retrieved from homepage.villanova.edu:

Christian environment Essay Example for Free

Christian environment Essay â€Å"Today’s Stock market dropped 5%, unemployment rate reaching 10%, Gross Domestic Products dropped for the sixth month in a row. † This economic crisis happened in South Korea in 1999. For sure it was a big trouble for those who lost the job they thought will be their permanent job, like a government owned financial company which I worked for. I witnessed many employees laid off and they were unable to find a new job for a long time due to the lack of technical skills. This event got me thinking of changing my career. My job as an investment bank teller, was very simple and was being replaced by machine. I quit my banking job and started to study in America in 2000. Everything from language to culture was hard for me to adapt but the dream of finding a meaningful career for the rest of my life was a motivation enough to keep me going. Fortunately, I met a good Christian family who introduced me to nursing and it was so attractive to me. First it is its need to solve common societal issues as caring for aging population and Second I thought nursing always needed human touch. One of the new cultures I have observed while living in America is the stress on personal right. Most of the time I hear how important it is to speak up for your own right or people will intimidate or rip you off. I might be wrong because I am an immigrant as I don’t fully understand American society, but can you imagine I never used to speak up for my own interest in a group of people working together? I had to leave my own interest and think about others and the whole organizations. That is how I was taught at home and school in Korea and I learned that practicing these values, altruism and respecting wholeness, brings more joy than loss to my life. Moral Re Armament; was a name of group activity that I was involved in high school. From this group activity,I found myself volunteering for the community. We learned dancing and songs and performed at elderly care centers and orphanages. We visited them with food, helped them clean and played with them regularly. For me it was heart breaking to see how people could be lonely and living in a poor condition. However, these experiences opened my eyes to the world surrounding me as I had thought that I was the poor and the unfortunate one by not having both parents. I started to appreciate the little things such as living in a home, seeing my family each day and laughing with my friends. Most important of all that I learned was extending my hands to those who need help and knowing that there are people in need of help. The reason I chose Loma Linda University Nursing School is because of its Christian environment. I used to believe there was some power handling world beyond human’ limitation, I learned it was God’s hands. Nine years ago when I arrived in America , I needed help desperately, I went to a Korean church. In there I found God’s existence and saw people living as Christians. For me becoming a nurse wouldnt be possible if there’s no God’s intervention. I have now decided to step towards new nursing knowledge. I believe a good nurse needs to have humbleness, compassion and caring mind for the sick like what we were taught by Jesus. These Christian perspectives in nursing education at Loma Linda University will play an important role in my career to become a good nurse caring for aging population.

Mindless Humans Essay -- essays research papers fc

Humans have been socially networked with each other since the time they have been created. Civilization was fashioned by humans interacting with one another. With this interaction with others and communal peers, â€Å"social man is a somnambulist† (Asch 61). In other terms, when humans become social, they are really â€Å"sleep walking†, or following the crowd, even though belief in the western world has it that people are â€Å"free† to choose for themselves. This sleepwalking factor then turns individuals into mindless ants. It only occurs because a human is a social animal and with that comes, social pressures and authoritative figures. Stanley Milgram studied at Harvard University and tested how social humans would react in a certain situation. Milgram tested how certain individuals would respond to inflicting harm onto another person because another figure told them to. He was interested in why regular day people would actually do such horrific things to the victim. In the experiment there was no physical consequence for the individual pushing the button if they said no. People in this situation believed in that the scientist knew what he/she was doing so they assumed that what they were doing was acceptable even though in actuality they believed it was not right. Subjects gave up their free will to choose because a higher authority told them to do so. This is similar to ants in that the majority of ants are worker ants; they obey the authority of the queen and will act out every wish she wants. Even though the ants can think for themselves, they follow the authority. Originally the theory was that many would stop the experiment being aware that the person that they were shocking is indeed being harmed, but that was proven wrong (Milgram 41). A different scientist who redid this experiment found that 85 percent of his subjects were obedient (Milgram 42). As a result it was evident that individuals will succumb to authoritative figures. Strudler and Warren explain that the subjects acted the way they did because of authority heuristics, which is the reliance on an authority figure (57). In Milgram’s experiment, the scientist was the authority figure in the experiment and the subject trusted his/her judgment because they believed that the scientist knows what he/she is doing. Even though the subject believed they have â€Å"free† will in their choices, the pressures of t... ...ately, disinterestedly, without emotions† (38). To do so would allow us to think for ourselves and not be swayed in any other direction by any other factors. As humans we are naturally social creatures. That is how civilization began, by humans interacting with each other. We need to be able to understand ourselves and trust ourselves so that we can make the decisions for ourselves and not me mindless ants just following the crowd. In the end the main person that is affected by decisions is the one who is making the decision. Works Cited Lessing, Doris. â€Å"Group Minds.† Writing Two Reader. Grafikarts: Santa Barbara. 37-38. 2000 Milgram, Stanley. â€Å"The Perils of Obedience.† Writing Two Reader. Grafikarts: Santa Barbara. 39-50. 2000 Nssani, Moti. â€Å"Review on Stabley Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience.† Writing Two Reader. Grafikarts: Santa Barbara. 51-54. 2000 Strudler, Alan. â€Å"Authority and Excuses.† Writing Two Reader. Grafikarts: Santa Barbara. 55-60. 2000 Asch, Solomon. â€Å"Opinions and Social Pressure.† Writing Two Reader. Grafikarts: Santa Barbara. 61-66. 2000 Fromm, Erich. â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem.† Writing Two Reader. Grafikarts: Santa Barbara. 67-71. 2000

How to plan and provide environments and services support children Essay

Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services: All staff has a duty of care for children and each other within the setting. It is important that everybody is aware of government legislation regarding the schools Health and Safety policy in regards to potential risks and hazards and what should happen if an incident occurs. As health and safety is primarily common sense it becomes second nature when working with children to abide by the Health and Safety policy. When working within a school staff should always make sure that areas are fit to purpose prior to any learning or play activities this could mean doing a risk assessment to ensure areas are safe and free from any potential risks. If a risk is spotted it should be reported immediately or logged for attention. The factors to take into account are: Every child is an individual and progresses at different rates and each child has different needs which depend on their age and ability. When we plan activities we should think about ways in which way we can keep all children active and the layout of the room and the needs of the child if you have a baby in the room you would not allow toddlers to be running round. Also if children wanted to ride bikes this should be done outside with more space and under supervision. Some children may have more specific needs than other children if they are have a sensory impairment provisions should be put in place so the child will enjoy mainstream school as much as the next child. An adult could also have specific needs where a risk assessment may need to be done at some time like if the person is pregnant or impaired in some way. Individual support may be offered to families/carers that have different needs to others. When working with children we should always be aware of our environment as we would not allow a child to run around the classroom with scissors, if this did happen we would explain or ask the child why this is a dangerous thing to do. In any school yard there should be separate sides of the yard were say football is played rather than all the children playing in line of the ball as this may cause injury. Explain how health and safety is monitored and maintained and how people in  the work setting are made aware of risks and hazards and encouraged to work safely: Within school settings health and safety is monitored and maintained by the schools policies and procedures these are implemented by a governing body then must be carried out to the letter. Anybody running a place where members of public visit must have a duty of care and not let people be exposed to hazards that may cause illness or harm them. Visitors must follow the set guidelines to ensure the safety and well being of all children within the setting. Children who are being collected must be collected by a person known by the teacher unless prior information given, if a child requires medicine then this will be left in the office with a consent form received from the parents. Within school if a accident / incident happens then it is recorded and parents are informed of the child’s injury i.e. bumped head letter. W ithin schools there will always be a first aider available to deal with an injury. Confidentiality policy is always kept within school the only time confidentiality should be broken is when neglect or a form of abuse is suspected and the relevant authorities need to know. Risk assessments are carried out daily by teachers and all staff to ensure no potential risks or hazards. If anything is found it must be recorded and reported immediately relevant staff must be notified. Identify sources of current guidance for planning healthy and safe environments and services: All settings should have copies of the latest legislation as recorded in 1.4 they will also have their own policies and procedures. There is also a lot of information to be found on the internet: Health and safety executive Child accident prevention trust Department for education Explain how current health and safety legislation, policies and procedures are implemented in own work setting: When working with schools we have a legal responsibility to ensure the safety of all children and fellow colleagues as they are entrusted in our care listed below are the main policies: Policies and procedures regarding Health and Safety at Work are given to all staff including volunteers on the first day of employment  within the setting this is based on the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. The main responsibilities of this act are that all buildings should be maintained to a high standard, designed with safety in mind. The environment should always be clean and tidy; all equipment should be stored away safely. As is good practice working practice should promote the health and safety of children. These acts also provides protection for employees by the workplace being a safe place and not pose a risk to employee’s health as stated in COSHH all hazardous substan ces and cleaning equipment stored away safely. Training should be provided for all employees on health and safety. PPE clothing should be provided free of charge. Certain injuries, diseases and incidents should be reported immediately to the Health and Safety Executive. First aid facilities and a first aider should be accessible at all times, within each setting there will be a safety representative who can be consulted regarding issues which may affect health and safety. Finally the legal duties of all employees must be responsible to take care of their own health and safety and that of others affected by their actions. All employees must cooperate with the health and safety at work act. This will be kept in the office and available to all. Fire precaution act 1971 and regulations :The fire authority will issue a fire certificate when happy that all correct procedures are in place .They also check the fire equipment and correct fire escapes and routes of departure COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health) this is monitored and maintained within schools by ensuring all chemicals and cleaning equipment is locked away in a cupboard away from all children. All chemicals must be clearly marked. RIDDOR 1995 (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Da ngerous Occurrence Regulations )this is a legal duty to explain work related deaths, any major incidents or injuries, work related diseases and dangerous occurrence. When carrying children or equipment always promote good practice. The Childcare Act 2006 this sets out the statutory framework for health and safety within all settings including that of the EYFS their standards are monitored by Ofsted. Product safety marking these must be (PAT tested) regularly and they will hold the kite mark to say they have been tested. Toys must carry a CE showing that the product meets European standards. Motor vehicles regulations 2006 seat belts must be worn at all times and booster seats provided for children under a certain height (135cm). Smoking ban 2007 EYFS  this includes a legal requirement to ensure all children are in a smoke free zone. The manual handling operations regulation act 1992Employers must ensure that correct guidelines are followed when lifting pupils or equipment. Hygiene legislation 2006 This covers the safe preparation and storage of food .All kitchen staff must hold a current food hygiene certificate .There must be posters displayed within the kitchen reminding staff of good practice i.e. different coloured chopping boards and how food is stored correctly. The early years foundation stage (EYFS) Statutory framework for eyfs 2008 ensuring all aspects of welfare for children is covered ,this includes safeguarding ,suitable people ,suitable premises and equipment .There must be correct documentation within the organisation. Other procedures which are in place to safeguard children are: Safety fence and locked gates disallowing children to leave when in outdoors areas. All doors which provide entry and access are locked and door handles unobtainable to children. All visitors must sign in and wear a badge if there for a while must be notified about health and safety. Children must be picked up by the named person unless by prior arrangement. Confidentiality maintained at all times unless abuse is suspected. Admissions where no child can be looked on more favourably than another. Accident/incident must be recorded if a child has a bump or injury then this must be sent home to parents explaining what happened if a major incident must be forwarded to relevant people. Taking of medic ines they must be stored correctly parents must sign a consent form to say what the medicine is and how much and when their child is allowed it. Within the setting there will be a notice in the staff room of which child is asthmatic or allergic to food or other things so each staff member can see.

Marine Mammals Essay

SeaWorld gives you the opportunity to feed and swim with dolphins, watch jaw-dropping whale and seal shows, pet stingrays, see all types of sharks, exotic fish, and so much more! But my views have recently changed after I saw the tragic death of a Sea World trainer on the news; the cause of death being one of the parks very own orca whales. This horrific news brought me to research why the whale turned on its trainer and the information I found made me change my outlook on animal captivity completely. In the ethical debate over marine mammals in captivity there are many conflicting views. The public theme park industries advocate that marine mammal exhibits provide an important role in educating, entertaining, and conservation; they see nothing wrong with captivity. An increasing number of scientists counter this view and believe that animals should flourish naturally and are too intelligent to be held captive. Animal protection groups also have taken notice that these mammals in cap tivity develop severe health issues and should be in the wild. There are other organizations that believe in absolute welfare of these animals, whether it is best  suited in confinement or in the wild. Lastly there are associations that agree with captivity for some cases, just not when animals are exploited. Above all I agree that the more knowledge we have about marine mammals, the more mankind can do to help find the most beneficial option for specific marine animals. When thinking about aquatic parks one in particular comes to mind for most people, Sea World. According to its website, â€Å"SeaWorld has a world-wide reputation for providing unique, up-close animal encounters designed to bring more than 20 million guests each year closer to wildlife and the world we share† (â€Å"Sea World†). Parks like this also affirm that one of their main goals is to educate people through seeing live animals in person such as dolphins, whales, seals, and penguins. Marine parks around the world, including Sea World, also claim that they serve as a rescue and a preservation center for stranded, sick, orphaned or injured animals. This is in fact true; many animal lives have been saved due to the help of aquatic parks (SeaworldParks.com). But some still question if it’s justifiable to keep animals in captivity if they are capable to live naturally in the wild after being rehabilitated. It’s evident that SeaWorld and other captivity par ks have not only contributed tremendously with saving countless marine  mammals lives, but have also entertained and educated thousands of people on marine life. Yet with all of this in mind it’s hard for me to fully agree that captivity is always the best option for these animals’ welfare. It’s tough to deny that the entertainment and profit aspect from the â€Å"yearly 20 million guests† may be intervening with the wellbeing of the animals, which should always be the main focus. On the other side of the spectrum when dealing with the issue of marine mammals in captivity, are animal rights activists. â€Å"There are better and more humane ways of providing entertainment and education to the public without sacrificing the welfare of animals† states Grace Ge Gabriel, the head force behind the Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). The IFAW is a well-known organization that advocates saving animal populations from cruelty and depletion. An example of their support is their campaign to end commercial whaling and seal hunts. She and many others speak out against marine mammals held in captivity (Gabriel). These activists express that the lives of captive marine mammals are impoverished, people do not receive an accurate picture of a species from imprisoned environments, and the traffic in live marine mammals causes harmful impacts on populations and the animals’ health. A prime example is the abuse whales endure when their family and pod members are separat ed from each other to be put into captivity. Once removed from their natural environment, the whales are then transported to small enclosures that lack not only their families and social groups but which also are only a fraction of the size of their natural home range (â€Å"PETA†). If life for captive orcas and dolphins were as peaceful as marine parks would have us believe, the animals would live longer than their wild counterparts. While captive marine mammals are not subject to predators or ocean pollution, their captivity is nevertheless a death sentence. These caged mammals develop severe health issues from being confined to small tanks where they are forced to perform unnecessary tricks for â€Å"entertainment.† According to PETA’s website, â€Å"Wild orcas can also live for decades—some have been documented to be more than 90 years old—but those at Sea World and other marine parks rarely survive for more than 10 years† (peta.org). An imals imprisoned die prematurely from stress and other captivity-related causes; which is seen as the  main cause for the deaths of animal trainers at aquatic parks, like the attack mentioned before from Sea World. The question of whether marine mammals should be held captive is even weighed in by scientists. There have been countless experiments and portrayals of cetaceans, or aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins, displaying intelligent behavior. Experts in philosophy, conservation, and animal behavior recognize that dolphins and whales are adequately intelligent to justify the same ethical considerations as humans. According to the BBC News World website, â€Å"The move was made at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Vancouver, Canada, the world’s biggest science conference. It is based on years of research that has shown dolphins and whales have large, complex brains and a human-like level of self-awareness† (http://www.bbc.co.uk). This has led the experts to conclude that by recognizing these animals’ rights would serve as a catalyst to ending whaling and captivity of these self-aware creatures. Unlike the views of animal display industries who endorse captivity, or animal rights activists and scientists whom advocate against it, there are some associations that seem more neutral towards animal confinement. These organizations act as a middle ground, where their pure intent is to promote animal wellbeing; whether that may be in captivity or in their natural environment. These groups look at specific cases of different marine mammal species individually and decide where that animal is more likely to thrive. The Seal Conservation Society (SCS) is a terrific illustration of a society who is neutral to the thought of captivity; their main focus being on conservation and welfare. They view both sides of captivity on their website. At first questioning captivity they inquire, â€Å"Do the benefits to humans from the animalndisplay industry justify the animals’ confinement and stress associated with the unnatural environment? The question remains for all marine mammals whet her captivity is justified for entertainment, educational or conservation purposes.† Then countering those thoughts according to the website, â€Å"A further justification for captive pinnipeds to be considered is the research value of captive studies where the research clearly increases  our understanding and appreciation of pinniped species, this benefit must be considered in the context of the welfare and well-being of the animals involved. Our society would tend to support those facilities where the animals’ long-term and welfare is a priority† (pinnipeds.org). These impartial organizations appear exceptionally more helpful than the other radical view points; instead of supporting what they believe in they can focus more on the specific animal and not their cause. In correspondence to the previous organizations mentioned, there are similar associations that promote animal well-being but also support captivity if it’s necessary. These groups are marin e mammal rescue centers that endorse captivity along with non-performance opportunities. The Marine Mammal Center is an organization that believes animals shouldn’t be abused in captivity by being forced to perform unnatural tricks, but believe captivity should be allowed if the animal cannot survive on its own in the wild (â€Å"Marine Mammal Center†). These institutions don’t see captivity as the enemy, but rather view aquatic theme parks and entertainment business that confine animals for the wrong reasons to be immoral. Their website won me over when it stated, â€Å"What we do is more than kind-hearted consideration for the well-being of other living creatures. We recognize the fundamental relationship that binds humans, animals, and the ocean† (â€Å"Marine Mammal Center†). The question if marine mammals should be kept in captivity is tough to answer. Personally, I believe that in our present society there are more urgent matters than amusing audiences by exploiting such intelligent and defenseless animals. We have an ethical and imperative responsibility to think about species that may be negatively impacted by our actions. This includes a lot of species, and cetaceans are no exception. These marine mammals should remain where they evolved and thrived and we should make sure that their rights are protected so that they can go on living there.

Corporate Governance Assignment Essays

Corporate Governance Assignment Essays Corporate Governance Assignment Essay Corporate Governance Assignment Essay The company host an annual general meeting to which all stakeholders are given due notice Of. Also, in accordance with the banks by-laws, three directors retire from the board annually and may offer themselves for re- election at the banks annual general meeting. The company also issues an annual report and quarterly financial statements to stakeholders and the general public. Pursuant to the mandate to ensure that the interests of the various stakeholders are considered the board of directors meets, at a minimum, on a quarterly basis while the Executive Sub-committee of the Board, comprising seven Board members, meets monthly for the remaining months. (Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited 2014) 3. 4. Responsibility 3: To ensure compliance with the law The board of directors of Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited is committed to proper standards of corporate governance and maintaining these standards at the highest level. Continuous monitoring of the banks systems and procedures is done to ensure that standards are in keeping with the best practice as determined by the principles of corporate governance. The bank is also guided by the Recommendations for a Code of Corporate Governance issued by the Guyana Securities Council, and Supervision Guideline No. 8 on Corporate Governance issued by the Bank of Guyana under the authority of the Financial Institutions Act 1995. In addition the Bank is compliant with Supervision Guideline 10 on the public Disclosure of Information. (Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited 2014) 3. 5. Responsibility 4: To review and guide corporate strategy As stated in the banks Annual report of 2014 Of critical importance to the board of directors is the responsibility to approve and view the banks strategic plan and within this context, to approve annual budgets, including capital expenditure. The board retains the responsibility for reviewing and approving credit applications above a specified limit. In keeping with the expectation of the board of directors the performance of each Management Officer is also assessed against all key performance areas which among other things may include financial targets. The performance of all management officers is reviewed by the Board of Directors on an annual basis. Additionally, taking into account the increasing need for risk assessment, the board of directors has established a risk management committee, known as the other risks committee. 3. 6. Responsibility 5: To select, compensate, and monitor key executives As stated in the annual report of 2014, the managing director and management team are appointed by the board of directors. Each management officer has a written mandate and is required to execute the stated functions as outlined therein. The managing directors responsibilities and authorities are documented and approved by the board of directors. 3. 7. Responsibility 6: To monitor governance practices Monitoring of governance practice involves continuous review of the internal structure of the company, monitoring and disclosure of corporate governance practices on a regular basis, self-assessment by boards oftener performance as well as performance reviews of individual board members and the CEO/ Chairman. COED 2004) At Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited, the board of directors approves the organizational structure for the Bank which ensures a reporting structure with prudent and effective controls. The board of director s comprises nine directors including one executive director. Of the eight non-executive directors, five are independent. Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited adheres to the recommendations of the Supervision Guideline No. 8 on Corporate Governance issued by the Bank of Guyana under the authority of the Financial Institutions Act 1995 regarding its board structure. The board is comprised of an executive director and a majority of independent directors. Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited 2014) Further, as suggested in the COED principles of Corporate Governance 2004, with single tier board systems, the objectivity of the board and its independence from management may be strengthened by the separation of the role of chief executive and chairman, Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited chairman is a non-executive director. The managing director of Bank (Guyana) Limited is the only executive director on the board. Additionally, in the annual report of the bank a statement of the banks corporate governance practice is made public. 3. 8. Responsibility 7: To ensure integrity of accounting and financial systems Several committees have been set up by Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited to ensure integrity of accounting and financial systems. These committees are: 3. 8. 1. The audit committee The audit committee of the board meets at least quarterly to review the ann.s system of internal control, financial reporting process, audit and examination process, and compliance with Statutory and regulatory laws. When necessary, the Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the independence, competence and qualifications of the External Auditors. 3. 8. 2. The compensation committee The compensation, which meets at minimum once per year, is responsible for formalizing the banks remuneration policy for staff. 38. 3. The other risks The other risks committee, which meets quarterly, is responsible for reviewing policies and procedures and ensuring that the Bank is not exposed o unnecessary risks with respect to its operations. 3. 9. Responsibility 8: Corporate Social Responsibility Every board has a duty to formulate the companys strategy, recognizing the risks involved, and part of that process involves determining how the company will behave, in other words, establishing how social responsibility will be exercised throughout the organization. (Trickier 2012, p. 235) At Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited the need to be a good corporate citizen and perform its corporate social responsibility is understood and mirrored in the companys vision which establishes the bank wishes to set a standard of excellence for social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility activities of Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited are conducted under its power to make a difference program. The Power to Make a Difference programmer aims to enhance the quality of life of disadvantaged persons; support healthcare programmed and disability awareness initiatives; provide opportunities for young people to realize their truest potential through sport, education and the arts; build community spirit and, in essence, help to correct some of society ills. (Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited 2014) 4. Recommendations It was found that Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited in its governance aims to be a good corporate citizen by complying with rules and regulation stipulated at a national level and also meeting international standards of corporate governance. However, there are areas that could stand improvement and as such the following recommendations are made: 1 ) The chairman of the board of directors should be an independent non-executive director.

Word Choice Ensure vs. Insure - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Ensure vs. Insure - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Ensure vs. Insure Although ensure and insure sound similar and differ in spelling by only one letter, they are typically used in very different contexts. Nevertheless, due to their similarity, they are often mixed up in writing. However, repeated misspelling of the word ensure, or confusing it with the word insure will reflect badly on your attention to detail. As such, you should try to memorize what these words mean. Ensure (Make Certain) Ensure is a verb meaning make certain of something. It is commonly used in academic assignments when checking that something is accurate or guaranteed. For instance, we might say: To ensure that the results were accurate, we repeated the test. If you need to use ensure several times in one paper, you may want to use synonyms such as guarantee or make certain to vary your word choice. Insure (Guarantee Against Loss or Harm) To insure something is to secure it against potential damage, loss or harm by arranging for compensation should anything unfortunate occur: My house is insured against fire and water damage. It is most often used when discussing finances, specifically the idea of getting insurance against a risk: Before you go abroad, make sure to get travel insurance. Sometimes, you can also use it in a more general sense to mean take precautions, as in the sentence: By apologizing to the headmaster, the children hoped to insure themselves against detention. Ensure or Insure? Although they look similar on the page, there is a clear difference in meaning (and spelling) between these two words. To ensure that you use the correct one in your paper (see what we did there?), remember the following: Ensure = Make certain/guarantee Insure = Take out financial protection against a risk If you would like more writing advice, get in touch with the professionals at Proofed today!

Superman in Sixties and Pop Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Superman in Sixties and Pop Art - Research Paper Example Superman in the Sixties has got both pictures and texts that accompany the pictures. This has made it akin to the "narrative literary texts†. This has been one of the factors that made it popular within young and old aged people. The use of both images and texts make the comic to elaborate the happening efficiently and effectively. Superman in the Sixties is a form of comic that narrates a story to the audience. There is an interconnection of the images and the word in the book. The Superman in the Sixties as a series showcases the work of several artists in the book. The artists identified include the pencillers and the inkers and offers comparison elements with other works. The comic employs the use of speech balloon, caption, thought balloons, tier of panels, balloon tail, and sound effects among others. Furthermore, the readers can see them from the beginning to the end of the comic book. In addition, there is also use of cartooning in the book to pass the information. The authors use cartooning to give the information in relation to the characters: Jonathan and Martha, Clark, and Lana Lang among others. This made it possible to include non- diegitic symbols. There is also use of caricature in the comic book, for example, the authors describe Superman as someone with huge chest as a symbol of his strength. The comic also promotes the use of feathering in some parts. The book also entails the use of various inflicted lines in different areas of the book. There is also use of emanate in the comic book.

The History in behind Dolly Parton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The History in behind Dolly Parton - Essay Example The name of the song was, "Puppy Love" which many people from the south are sure to be able to remember (Morning Edition 2002). When Dolly graduated from High-School she wanted to further her developing singing career so she packed up and moved to the big city of Nashville. She hit big with 'Porter Wagon' and for seven years on his show she built up her career rather fluidly. She finally decided to leave the program but before doing so she received two Country Music Association Awards for duo of the year (Pigeon-Forge 2006). From there her career has grown to vast proportions and is still growing in her other endeavors which includes two books that she has put together, and she even plans on having more published. However the two that have been out for quite some time are, "Dolly Parton: My Life", and "Other Unfinished Business" (Pigeon Forge 2006). On top of her more famous works, she also is very affluent in the business world, having developed many attractions in her hometown. Als o, every year there is a parade in Pigeon Forge which Dolly is a part of, this year will mark the 6th year of that parade. It is perceived that she enjoys it just as much as her fans enjoy coming out to stand in the crowd and wave as her float goes by. The parade itself draws 50,000 people that line the sides of the streets just to have a chance to see the famous country singer. There are numerous floats that are incorporated in with Dolly's but she is the main part of the annual parade every year. There are quite often times every year where Dolly's float stops in the streets while she sings one of her more famous songs that are hits with the crowd. This year she will be turning 60 years old and still going strong with her many personal projects, as well as her music, and business plans. Furthermore, Dolly has been a part of many fundraisers in her life thus far and has made many contributions to society as a whole. In fact, among these, she has developed one of the most famously k nown theme parks in the south known now as "Dollywood" which lies in the heart of Sevierville, Tennessee (Sevierville 2000). Dolly wanted to contribute something back to her home of the Great Smoky Mountains, but not only this she wanted to try and develop more employment opportunities for the people who live there. By opening her theme park in 1986 she has indeed provided extra employment and essential income for many of the families in the area as it has become the #1 State attraction in Tennessee, drawing over 2 million vacationers every year (The Songwriters Hall of Fame 2002-2006). Because of her presence and renowned history in the town of Sevierville, the city of Pigeon Forge has become one of the hottest points for well known country star singers, bringing thousands of visitors with every year that passes. Dolly Parton's career has been ongoing for over four decades now and she has been introduced into the country hall of fame as well. There was a point in time however well she felt her appearance might have held her back from several opportunities but by how much she has never said for a certainty. Her comment about how she felt about herself when she was in her much younger form is included in the following paragraph. I had this piled up mop of bleached blonde hair, and